1	Bahasa Malaysia Stage1 Part1 : Basis of Bahasa Malaysia Grammar By DLanguage STUDIO Langkawi www.dlanguagestudio.com
2	The Basic Rules – Page1 Tenses In Bahasa Malaysia, Past Tense Verbs do not exist. Eg : I eat = I ate = Saya makan. Actions are explained using time as indicator of present, past or future Eg : I eat everyday Saya makan setiap hari Eg : I ate just now Saya makan tadi
3	The Basic Rules – Page2 Verbs Similar to English, Bahasa Malaysia uses Simple, Continuous and Perfect Verbs to explain present, past and future actions Active & Passive mode Similar to English, Active and Passive sentences exist in Bahasa Malaysia
4	The Basic Rules – Page 3 Arrangement of Articles, possessive pronouns and Adjectives Opposite to English, the articles, possessive pronouns and adjectives are placed after the nouns. Examples : Articles : the house rumah itu Possessive pronoun : my house rumah saya Adjective : big house rumah besar
5	The Basic Rules – Page 4 The use of ‘to be’ ie is, are, am, was, were When a noun explains its position ‘to be’ is translated as : berada When a noun explains itself as a noun ‘to be’ is translated as : ialah When a noun explains its adjective, ‘to be’ is not translated When ‘to be’ is used in continuous action, ‘to be’ is translated as : sedang When ‘to be’ is used in a passive voice, ‘to be’ is translated as : di
6	Common Nouns Similar to English, common nouns in Malay refers to people, animal and things Singularity and Plurality are shown below : office : pejabat offices : pejabat-pejabat room : bilik rooms : bilik-bilik friend : kawan friends : kawan-kawan guest : tetamu guests : tetamu-tetamu
7	Articles The, This, That, These, Those The position of articles in Bahasa Malaysia is opposite to English Usually, ‘the’ in the last noun of a sentence is not translated unless it means ‘that’ Singular Noun Plural Noun the office pejabat itu the offices pejabat-pejabat itu the room bilik itu the rooms bilik-bilik itu this guest tetamu ini these guests tetamu-tetamu ini that guest tetamu itu those guests tetamu-tetamu itu
8	Adverbs of Quantity The position of adverbs of quantity in Bahasa Malaysia is similar to English Singular Noun Plural Noun a guest seorang tetamu many guests ramai tetamu one guest satu tetamu a few guests beberapa tetamu a litte sugar sedikit gula a lot of people ramai orang a satu or se_____ many banyak (for non-human) a child seorang budak many ramai (for human) a little sedikit a lot of banyak/ramai a car sebuah kereta plenty banyak/ramai a bottle of sebotol several beberapa an egg sebiji telur a pencil sebatang pensil a knife sebilah pisau a packet sepaket a cup of coffee secawan kopi
9	Personal Pronouns Personal Pronouns (subject) Personal Pronouns (object) I Saya me saya You Awak you awak He Dia him dia / nya She Dia her dia / nya We Kita / kami us kita / kami They Mereka them mereka It Ia it ia / nya
10	Possessive Pronouns Singular Possession Plural Possession my car kereta saya my cars kereta-kereta saya your house rumah awak your houses rumah-rumah awak his house rumahnya / dia his houses rumah-rumahnya / dia her house rumahnya / dia her houses rumah-rumahnya / dia our house rumah kita our houses rumah-rumah kita their house rumah mereka their houses rumah-rumah mereka its kitten anaknya its kittens anak-anaknya
11	Preposition at di at pada (used to indicate time) on di atas to ke in di dalam with dengan under di bawah near dekat beside di sebelah nearby dekat dengan here di sini from dari there di sana far jauh and dan
12	Structure of a sentence Subject Noun
13	Structure of a Question Subject Noun
14	Conversation 1
15	Numbers, Days & Months Days of the week Monday Hari Isnin Tuesday Hari Selasa Wednesday Hari Rabu Thursday Hari Khamis Friday Hari Jumaat Saturday Hari Sabtu Sunday Hari Ahad
16	Month of the Year January Januari February Februari March Mac April April May Mei June Jun July Julai August Ogos September September October Oktober November November December Disember
17	Numbers 1 Satu 11 Sebelas 21 Dua Puluh satu 2 Dua 12 Dua Belas 22 Dua Puluh dua 3 Tiga 13 Tiga Belas 30 Tiga Puluh Satu 4 Empat 14 Empat Belas 39 Tiga Puluh Sembilan 5 Lima 15 Lima Belas 40 Empat Puluh 6 Enam 16 Enam Belas 60 Enampuluh 7 Tujuh 17 Tujuh Belas 80 Lapan Puluh 8 Lapan 18 Lapan Belas 100 Seratus or Satu Ratus 9 Sembilan 19 Sembilan Belas 101 Seratus Satu 10 Sepuluh 20 Dua Puluh 1000 Seribu or Satu Ribu
18	Interrogatives What? Apa? What car? Kereta apa? Where? Di mana? Which car? Kereta mana? Why? Kenapa? Whose car? Kereta siapa? When? Bila? How many? Berapa? Who? Siapa? How much? Berapa? How? Bagaimana? How many cars? Berapa buah kereta?
19	Present & Past Present Time Past Time _____ Now sekarang Just now tadi Everyday setiap hari / hari-hari Yesterday semalam Always selalu This morning pagi tadi Usually biasanya Last Night malam tadi Sometimes kadang-kadang Last week minggu lepas Seldom jarang-jarang This afternoon tengahari tadi Once in a while sesekali Last time dulu Often kerap/selalu Last month bulan lepas
20	Future Future Time Tomorrow esok Next week minggu hadapan Next month bulan hadapan Next time lain kali Later sebentar lagi
21	How to indicate ‘The Hours’ What time is it now? Sekarang pukul berapa? / Sekarang sudah pukul berapa? It is 1 o’clock (pm) Pukul satu tengahari It is 7.30 in the morning Pukul tujuh tiga puluh minit pagi / Pukul tujuh setengah pagi It is 3.10 in the afternoon Pukul tiga sepuluh minit petang (considered evening) It is 8.12 in the evening Pukul lapan dua belas minit malam ( considered night) It is 8.15 in the evening Pukul lapan lima belas minit malam / Pukul lapan suku malam
22	Conjunction Beginning or middle of a sentence usually middle of sentence and dan whereas di mana and then selepas itu which yang when semasa who yang while semasa that yang mean while sementara itu even though walaupun but tetapi / tapi before sebelum after selepas before that sebelum itu after that selepas itu if sekiranya / kalau how bagaimana what apa yang where dimana when bila (indicating time) when apabila (not indicating time)
23	End of Part 1 Thank You Please visit Learn Bahasa Malaysia Part 2 for the arrangement of verbs